Python File Organizer Project - Solutions and Explanations

# Solution 1: Basic Approach Using `os` and `shutil` Modules

import os  # Provides functions for interacting with the operating system
import shutil  # Provides functions for file operations like copying and moving

# Define file type categories and their corresponding extensions
FILE_TYPES = {
    'images': ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp'],
    'documents': ['.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.txt'],
    'videos': ['.mp4', '.mov', '.avi', '.mkv'],
    'audio': ['.mp3', '.wav', '.flac'],
    'archives': ['.zip', '.rar', '.7z', '.tar', '.gz']
}

def organize_files(directory_path):
    """Organize files in the given directory based on their types."""
    # Iterate over each file in the specified directory
    for filename in os.listdir(directory_path):
        # Get the file extension
        file_extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()

        # Determine the category for the file based on its extension
        category = None
        for key, extensions in FILE_TYPES.items():
            if file_extension in extensions:
                category = key
                break

        # If the file matches a known category, move it to the corresponding subdirectory
        if category:
            category_path = os.path.join(directory_path, category)
            # Create the subdirectory if it doesn't exist
            os.makedirs(category_path, exist_ok=True)

            # Move the file to the subdirectory
            source = os.path.join(directory_path, filename)
            destination = os.path.join(category_path, filename)
            shutil.move(source, destination)
            print(f"Moved '{filename}' to '{category}/'")
        else:
            print(f"File '{filename}' does not match any known category.")

# Get the directory path from the user
directory_path = input("Enter the directory path to organize: ")

# Organize the files in the specified directory
organize_files(directory_path)

# Solution 2: Using a Class-Based Approach for Organization and Extensibility

import os  # Provides functions for interacting with the operating system
import shutil  # Provides functions for file operations like copying and moving

class FileOrganizer:
    """Class to handle file organization based on file types."""

    # Define file type categories and their corresponding extensions
    FILE_TYPES = {
        'images': ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp'],
        'documents': ['.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.txt'],
        'videos': ['.mp4', '.mov', '.avi', '.mkv'],
        'audio': ['.mp3', '.wav', '.flac'],
        'archives': ['.zip', '.rar', '.7z', '.tar', '.gz']
    }

    def __init__(self, directory_path):
        """Initialize the organizer with the specified directory path."""
        self.directory_path = directory_path

    def organize_files(self):
        """Organize files in the given directory based on their types."""
        # Iterate over each file in the specified directory
        for filename in os.listdir(self.directory_path):
            # Get the file extension
            file_extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()

            # Determine the category for the file based on its extension
            category = self.get_category(file_extension)

            # If the file matches a known category, move it to the corresponding subdirectory
            if category:
                self.move_file(filename, category)
            else:
                print(f"File '{filename}' does not match any known category.")

    def get_category(self, file_extension):
        """Get the category for a file based on its extension."""
        for key, extensions in self.FILE_TYPES.items():
            if file_extension in extensions:
                return key
        return None

    def move_file(self, filename, category):
        """Move a file to the specified category directory."""
        category_path = os.path.join(self.directory_path, category)
        # Create the subdirectory if it doesn't exist
        os.makedirs(category_path, exist_ok=True)

        # Move the file to the subdirectory
        source = os.path.join(self.directory_path, filename)
        destination = os.path.join(category_path, filename)
        shutil.move(source, destination)
        print(f"Moved '{filename}' to '{category}/'")

# Get the directory path from the user
directory_path = input("Enter the directory path to organize: ")

# Create an instance of the FileOrganizer class
organizer = FileOrganizer(directory_path)

# Organize the files in the specified directory
organizer.organize_files()