Python Project: Hangman Game - Solutions and Explanations
Hangman Game:
Build a hangman game where players guess a word by suggesting letters. The game continues until the player correctly guesses the word or runs out of attempts.
Input values:
Player suggests a letter to guess the word.
Output value:
Feedback on whether the guessed letter is correct or incorrect. With revealed letters, display the current state of the word.
Example:
Input values: Guess a letter: A Output value: Incorrect! Current state: _ Input values: Guess a letter: E Output value: Correct! Current state: E Input values: Guess a letter: S Output value: Incorrect! Current state: E Input values: Guess a letter: R Output value: Correct! Current state: E R _
Here are two different solutions for a "Hangman" game in Python. The game allows players to guess a word by suggesting letters. The game continues until the player either correctly guesses the word or runs out of attempts.
Solution 1: Basic Approach using Functions and Loops
Code:
# Solution 1: Basic Approach Using Functions and Loops
import random # Import the random module to select a random word
# List of words for the Hangman game
word_list = ['python', 'hangman', 'programming', 'developer', 'algorithm']
def choose_word(word_list):
"""Randomly select a word from the word list."""
return random.choice(word_list)
def display_current_state(word, guessed_letters):
"""Display the current state of the guessed word with correct letters revealed."""
current_state = ''.join([letter if letter in guessed_letters else '_' for letter in word])
return current_state
def hangman():
"""Main function to play the Hangman game."""
# Choose a random word for the player to guess
word_to_guess = choose_word(word_list)
guessed_letters = set() # Set to store guessed letters
attempts_left = 6 # Number of attempts allowed
print("Welcome to Hangman!")
print("Try to guess the word!")
# Game loop
while attempts_left > 0:
# Display the current state of the word
current_state = display_current_state(word_to_guess, guessed_letters)
print(f"Current state: {current_state}")
# Check if the player has guessed the entire word
if '_' not in current_state:
print("Congratulations! You've guessed the word!")
break
# Get the player's guess
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
# Validate the player's guess
if len(guess) != 1 or not guess.isalpha():
print("Invalid input. Please enter a single letter.")
continue
# Check if the letter was already guessed
if guess in guessed_letters:
print("You've already guessed that letter. Try again.")
continue
# Add the guessed letter to the set of guessed letters
guessed_letters.add(guess)
# Check if the guessed letter is in the word
if guess in word_to_guess:
print("Correct!")
else:
print("Incorrect!")
attempts_left -= 1
print(f"Attempts left: {attempts_left}")
# If the player runs out of attempts
if attempts_left == 0:
print(f"Sorry, you've run out of attempts. The word was '{word_to_guess}'.")
# Start the Hangman game
hangman()
Output:
Welcome to Hangman! Try to guess the word! Current state: _________ Guess a letter: D Incorrect! Attempts left: 5 Current state: _________ Guess a letter: E Incorrect! Attempts left: 4 Current state: _________ Guess a letter: P Incorrect! Attempts left: 3 Current state: _________ Guess a letter: Q Incorrect! Attempts left: 2 Current state: _________ Guess a letter: S Incorrect! Attempts left: 1 Current state: _________ Guess a letter: A Correct! Current state: a________ Guess a letter: C Incorrect! Attempts left: 0 Sorry, you've run out of attempts. The word was 'algorithm'.
Explanation:
- This solution uses basic functions and loops to implement the Hangman game.
- The 'choose_word()' function selects a random word from the list.
- The 'display_current_state()' function shows the current state of the word, revealing the correct guessed letters.
- The main 'hangman()' function handles the game logic, including user input, validation, checking for guessed letters, and updating attempts.
- This approach is simple and effective but lacks structure for future expansions or enhancements.
Solution 2: Using a Class-Based approach for Organization and Reusability
Code:
# Solution 2: Using a Class-Based Approach for Organization and Reusability
import random # Import the random module to select a random word
class HangmanGame:
"""Class to handle the Hangman game logic"""
def __init__(self, word_list):
"""Initialize the game with a list of words and default values"""
self.word_list = word_list
self.word_to_guess = random.choice(word_list)
self.guessed_letters = set()
self.attempts_left = 6
def display_current_state(self):
"""Display the current state of the guessed word with correct letters revealed"""
return ''.join([letter if letter in self.guessed_letters else '_' for letter in self.word_to_guess])
def make_guess(self, guess):
"""Process the player's guess and update game state"""
# Add the guessed letter to the set of guessed letters
self.guessed_letters.add(guess)
# Check if the guessed letter is in the word
if guess in self.word_to_guess:
print("Correct!")
else:
print("Incorrect!")
self.attempts_left -= 1
print(f"Attempts left: {self.attempts_left}")
def play(self):
"""Main function to play the Hangman game"""
print("Welcome to Hangman!")
print("Try to guess the word!")
# Game loop
while self.attempts_left > 0:
# Display the current state of the word
current_state = self.display_current_state()
print(f"Current state: {current_state}")
# Check if the player has guessed the entire word
if '_' not in current_state:
print("Congratulations! You've guessed the word!")
break
# Get the player's guess
guess = input("Guess a letter: ").lower()
# Validate the player's guess
if len(guess) != 1 or not guess.isalpha():
print("Invalid input. Please enter a single letter.")
continue
# Check if the letter was already guessed
if guess in self.guessed_letters:
print("You've already guessed that letter. Try again.")
continue
# Make the guess and update the game state
self.make_guess(guess)
# If the player runs out of attempts
if self.attempts_left == 0:
print(f"Sorry, you've run out of attempts. The word was '{self.word_to_guess}'.")
# List of words for the Hangman game
word_list = ['python', 'hangman', 'programming', 'developer', 'algorithm']
# Create an instance of the HangmanGame class
game = HangmanGame(word_list)
# Start the Hangman game
game.play()
Output:
Welcome to Hangman! Try to guess the word! Current state: ______ Guess a letter: p Correct! Current state: p_____ Guess a letter: y Correct! Current state: py____ Guess a letter: t Correct! Current state: pyt___ Guess a letter: h Correct! Current state: pyth__ Guess a letter: o Correct! Current state: pytho_ Guess a letter: n Correct! Current state: python Congratulations! You've guessed the word!
Welcome to Hangman! Try to guess the word! Current state: _________ Guess a letter: v Correct! Current state: __v______ Guess a letter: d Correct! Current state: d_v______ Guess a letter: e Correct! Current state: deve___e_ Guess a letter: l Correct! Current state: devel__e_ Guess a letter: r Correct! Current state: devel__er Guess a letter: o Correct! Current state: develo_er Guess a letter: p Correct! Current state: developer Congratulations! You've guessed the word!
Explanation:
- This solution encapsulates all game logic within a 'HangmanGame' class, which is more organized and modular.
- The '__init__' method initializes the game state (word to guess, guessed letters, attempts left).
- The 'display_current_state()' method shows the current state of the word.
- The 'make_guess()' method processes each guess and updates the game state.
- The 'play()' method controls the game flow, taking user input and managing game progression.
- This approach follows Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, making the code easier to extend, maintain, and reuse.
Note:
Both solutions achieve the goal of implementing a basic Hangman game where players guess a word by suggesting letters, with Solution 1 using a straightforward function-based approach and Solution 2 utilizing a more organized, class-based design.
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