Python Dynamic Class Inheritance: Create Subclasses

Last update on December 21 2024 07:35:17 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Generating Classes with Inheritance from Templates:

Write a Python function “generate_inherited_class” that takes a class name, a base class, and a dictionary of attributes and methods, and returns a dynamically generated subclass.

Sample Solution:

Python Code :

# Function to generate a subclass dynamically
def generate_inherited_class(name, base_class, attrs):
    # Create a new class that inherits from base_class with additional attributes
    return type(name, (base_class,), attrs)

# Define a base class
class Animal:
    # Method to be inherited by subclasses
    def speak(self):
        return "Animal sound"

# Define attributes and methods for the subclass
subclass_attrs = {
    # Override the speak method
    'speak': lambda self: "Bark",
    # Add a new attribute
    'legs': 4
}

# Generate the subclass dynamically
Dog = generate_inherited_class('Dog', Animal, subclass_attrs)

# Test the dynamically generated subclass
# Create an instance of Dog
dog = Dog()
# Call the speak method (overridden)
print(dog.speak())  # Output: "Bark"
# Access the legs attribute
print(dog.legs)     # Output: 4

Output:

Bark
4

Explanation:

• Function Definition:
• generate_inherited_class takes 'name' (the class name), 'base_class' (the class to inherit from), and 'attrs' (attributes and methods for the subclass).
• It uses the 'type' function to create a new class that inherits from 'base_class' and includes the attributes and methods defined in 'attrs'.
• Base Class:
• 'Animal' is a base class with a 'speak' method that returns "Animal sound".
• Subclass Attributes and Methods:
• subclass_attrs is a dictionary containing:
• An overridden 'speak' method that returns "Bark".
• A new attribute 'legs' with a value of 4.
• Generate Subclass:
• 'Dog' is dynamically created as a subclass of 'Animal' with the specified attributes and methods.
• Testing:
• An instance of 'Dog' is created.
• The 'speak' method is called, which returns "Bark" due to the override.
• The 'legs' attribute is accessed, which returns 4.

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