Python PyQt5 window with multiple widgets and layouts

Last update on December 21 2024 07:44:36 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Write a Python program that creates a window with multiple widgets using vertical and horizontal layouts. Use PyQt module.

From doc.qt.io:

QApplication Class: The QApplication class manages the GUI application's control flow and main settings.

QMainWindow Class: The QMainWindow class provides a main application window.

QLabel Class: The QLabel widget provides a text or image display.

QPushButton: The push button, or command button, is perhaps the most commonly used widget in any graphical user interface. Push (click) a button to command the computer to perform some action, or to answer a question. Typical buttons are OK, Apply, Cancel, Close, Yes, No and Help.

QVBoxLayout Class: This class is used to construct vertical box layout objects.

QHBoxLayout Class: The QHBoxLayout class lines up widgets horizontally .

QWidget: The QWidget class is the base class of all user interface objects.

Sample Solution:

Python Code:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QWidget

def main():
    # Create a PyQt application
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    # Create a QMainWindow (main window)
    main_window = QMainWindow()

    # Set the window properties (title and initial size)
    main_window.setWindowTitle("Widgets Layout")
    main_window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)  # (x, y, width, height)

    # Create a central widget for the main window
    central_widget = QWidget()
    main_window.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

    # Create widgets (QLabel and QPushButton)
    label1 = QLabel("Label 1")
    label2 = QLabel("Label 2")
    button1 = QPushButton("Button 1")
    button2 = QPushButton("Button 2")

    # Create vertical and horizontal layouts
    vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
    horizontal_layout = QHBoxLayout()

    # Add widgets to layouts
    vertical_layout.addWidget(label1)
    vertical_layout.addWidget(label2)
    horizontal_layout.addWidget(button1)
    horizontal_layout.addWidget(button2)

    # Set the horizontal layout as a widget within the vertical layout
    vertical_layout.addWidget(QWidget())  # Spacer
    vertical_layout.addLayout(horizontal_layout)

    # Set the layout for the central widget
    central_widget.setLayout(vertical_layout)

    # Show the window
    main_window.show()

    # Run the application's event loop
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Explanation:

In the exercise above -

• Import the necessary modules from PyQt5.
• Create a "QApplication" object to manage application control flow and settings.
• Create a "QMainWindow" object for the main application window and set its title and initial size.
• Create a central widget (a QWidget) to hold our other widgets.
• Create two labels and two buttons as widgets.
• Create both vertical (QVBoxLayout) and horizontal (QHBoxLayout) layouts.
• Add the labels to the vertical layout and the buttons to the horizontal layout.
• Add a spacer (QWidget()) to the vertical layout to separate the labels and the buttons.
• Add the horizontal layout to the vertical layout, effectively nesting them.
• Finally, we set the central widget layout and show the main window.

Output:

Flowchart:

Python Code Editor:

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