Python Tuples
Tuples
A tuple is a container which holds a series of comma-separated values (items or elements) between parentheses such as an (x, y) co-ordinate. Tuples are like lists, except they are immutable (i.e. you cannot change its content once created) and can hold mix data types. Tuples play a sort of "struct" role in Python -- a convenient way to pass around a little logical, fixed size bundle of values.
Contents:
- Tuple commands
- Create a tuple
- How to get an item of the tuple in Python?
- How to know if an element exists within a tuple in Python?
- List to tuple
- Unpack a tuple in several variables
- Add item in Python tuple!
- Clone a tuple
- In Python how to know the number of times an item has repeated
- Remove an item from a tuple
- Slice a tuple
- How to get the index of an item of the tuple in Python?
- The size of a tuple
- How operators + and * are used with a Python tuple?
- Slice of a tuple using step parameter.
- Modify items of a tuple
- Python Data Types: Tuple - Exercises, Practice, Solution
Tuple: Commands
Tuple is an immutable and hashable list.
<tuple> = () <tuple> = (<el>, ) <tuple> = (<el_1>, <el_2> [, ...])
Named Tuple
Tuple's subclass with named elements.
>>> from collections import namedtuple >>> Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y') >>> p = Point(1, y=2) Point(x=1, y=2) >>> p[0] 1 >>> p.x 1 >>> getattr(p, 'y') 2 >>> p._fields # Or: Point._fields ('x', 'y')
Create a tuple?
To create a tuple, just list the values within parenthesis separated by commas. The "empty" tuple is just an empty pair of parenthesis
>>> #create an empty tuple
>>> tuplex = ()
>>> print (tuplex)
()
>>> #create a tuple with different data types
>>> tuplex = ('tuple', False, 3.2, 1)
>>> print (tuplex)
('tuple', False, 3.2, 1)
>>> #create a tuple with numbers, notation without parenthesis
>>> tuplex = 4, 7, 3, 8, 1
>>> print (tuplex)
(4, 7, 3, 8, 1)
>>> #create a tuple of one item, notation without parenthesis
>>> tuplex = 4,
>>> print (tuplex)
(4,)
>>> #create an empty tuple with tuple() function built-in Python
>>> tuplex = tuple()
>>> print (tuplex)
()
>>> #create a tuple from a iterable object
>>> tuplex = tuple([True, False])
>>> print (tuplex)
(True, False)
>>>
How to get an item of the tuple in Python?
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = ("w", 3, "r", "e", "s", "o", "u", "r", "c", "e")
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', 'e', 's', 'o', 'u', 'r', 'c', 'e')
>>> #get item (4th element)of the tuple by index
>>> item = tuplex[3]
>>> print(item)
e
>>> #get item (4th element from last)by index negative
>>> item1 = tuplex[-4]
>>> print(item1)
u
>>>
How to know if an element exists within a tuple in Python?
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = ("w", 3, "r", "e", "s", "o", "u", "r", "c", "e")
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', 'e', 's', 'o', 'u', 'r', 'c', 'e')
>>> #use in statement
>>> print("r" in tuplex)
True
>>> print(5 in tuplex)
False
>>>
List to tuple
>>> #create list
>>> listx = [5, 10, 7, 4, 15, 3]
>>> print(listx)
[5, 10, 7, 4, 15, 3]
>>> #use the tuple() function built-in Python, passing as parameter the list
>>> tuplex = tuple(listx)
>>> print(tuplex)
(5, 10, 7, 4, 15, 3)
>>>
Unpack a tuple in several variables
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = 4, 8, 3
>>> print(tuplex)
(4, 8, 3)
>>> n1, n2, n3 = tuplex
>>> #unpack a tuple in variables
>>> print(n1 + n2 + n3)
15
>>> #the number of variables must be equal to the number of items of the tuple
>>> n1, n2, n3, n4 = tuplex
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: need more than 3 values to unpack
>>>
Add item in Python tuple!
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = (4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 1)
>>> print(tuplex)
(4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 1)
>>> #tuples are immutable, so you can not add new elements
>>> #using merge of tuples with the + operator you can add an element and it will create a new tuple
>>> tuplex = tuplex + (9,)
>>> print(tuplex)
(4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 1, 9)
>>> #adding items in a specific index
>>> tuplex = tuplex[:5] + (15, 20, 25) + tuplex[:5]
>>> print(tuplex)
(4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 15, 20, 25, 4, 6, 2, 8, 3)
>>> #converting the tuple to list
>>> listx = list(tuplex)
>>> #use different ways to add items in list
>>> listx.append(30)
>>> tuplex = tuple(listx)
>>> print(tuplex)
(4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 15, 20, 25, 4, 6, 2, 8, 3, 30)
>>>
Clone a tuple
>>> from copy import deepcopy
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = ("HELLO", 5, [], True)
>>> print(tuplex)
('HELLO', 5, [], True)
>>> #make a copy of a tuple using deepcopy() function
>>> tuplex_clone = deepcopy(tuplex)
>>> tuplex_clone[2].append(50)
>>> print(tuplex_clone)
('HELLO', 5, [50], True)
>>> print(tuplex)
('HELLO', 5, [], True)
>>>
In Python how to know the number of times an item has repeated
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = 2, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4, 4, 7
>>> print(tuplex)
(2, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4, 4, 7)
>>> #return the number of times it appears in the tuple.
>>> count = tuplex.count(4)
>>> print(count)
3
>>> count = tuplex.count(7)
>>> print(count)
1
>>> count = tuplex.count(5)
>>> print (count)
1
>>>
Remove an item from a tuple
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = "w", 3, "d", "r", "e", "s", "l"
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'd', 'r', 'e', 's', 'l')
>>> #tuples are immutable, so you can not remove elements
>>> #using merge of tuples with the + operator you can remove an item and it will create a new tuple
>>> tuplex = tuplex[:2] + tuplex[3:]
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', 'e', 's', 'l')
>>> #converting the tuple to list
>>> listx = list(tuplex)
>>> #use different ways to remove an item of the list
>>> listx.remove("l")
>>> #converting the tuple to list
>>> tuplex = tuple(listx)
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', 'e', 's')
>>>
Slice a tuple
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = (2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 6, 1)
>>> #used tuple[start:stop] the start index is inclusive and the stop index
>>> _slice = tuplex[3:5]
#is exclusive.
>>> print(_slice)
(5, 4)
>>> #if the start index isn't defined, is taken from the beg inning of the tuple.
>>> _slice = tuplex[:6]
>>> print(_slice)
(2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6)
>>> #if the end index isn't defined, is taken until the end of the tuple
>>> _slice = tuplex[5:]
>>> print(_slice)
(6, 7, 8, 6, 1)
>>> #if neither is defined, returns the full tuple
>>> _slice = tuplex[:]
>>> print(_slice)
(2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 6, 1)
>>> #The indexes can be defined with negative values
>>> _slice = tuplex[-8:-4]
>>> print(_slice)
(3, 5, 4, 6)
>>>
Find the index of an item of the tuple
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = tuple("index tuple")
>>> print(tuplex)
('i', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'x', ' ', 't', 'u', 'p', 'l', 'e')
>>> #get index of the first item whose value is passed as parameter
>>> index = tuplex.index("p")
>>> print(index)
8
>>> #define the index from which you want to search
>>> index = tuplex.index("p", 5)
>>> print(index)
8
>>> #define the segment of the tuple to be searched
>>> index = tuplex.index("e", 3, 6)
>>> print(index)
3
>>> #if item not exists in the tuple return ValueError Exception
>>> index = tuplex.index("y")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: tuple.index(x): x not in tuple
>>>
The size of a tuple
>>> tuplex = tuple("w3resource") #create a tuple
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', '3', 'r', 'e', 's', 'o', 'u', 'r', 'c', 'e')
>>> #use the len() function to known the length of tuple.
>>> print(len(tuplex))
10
>>>
How operators + and * are used with a Python tuple?
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = 5, #create a tuple
>>> #The * operator allow repeat the items in the tuple
>>> print(tuplex * 6)
(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5)
>>> #create a tuple with repeated items.
>>> tuplex = (5, 10, 15) * 4
>>> print(tuplex)
(5, 10, 15, 5, 10, 15, 5, 10, 15, 5, 10, 15)
>>> #create three tuples
>>> tuplex1 = (3, 6, 9, 12, 15)
>>> tuplex2 = ("w", 3, "r", "s", "o", "u", "r", "c", "e")
>>> tuplex3 = (True, False)
>>> #The + operator allow create a tuple joining two or more tuples
>>> tuplex = tuplex1 + tuplex2 + tuplex3
>>> print(tuplex)
(3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 'w', 3, 'r', 's', 'o', 'u', 'r', 'c', 'e', True, False)
>>>
Slice of a tuple using step parameter
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = tuple("HELLO WORLD")
>>> print(tuplex)
('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', ' ', 'W', 'O', 'R', 'L', 'D')
>>> #step specify an increment between the elements to cut of the tuple.
>>> _slice = tuplex[2:9:2] #tuple[start:stop:step]
>>> print(_slice)
('L', 'O', 'W', 'R')
>>> #returns a tuple with a jump every 3 items.
>>> _slice = tuplex[::4]
>>> print(_slice)
('H', 'O', 'R')
>>> #when step is negative the jump is made back
>>> _slice = tuplex[9:2:-4]
>>> print(_slice)
('L', ' ')
>>> #when step is negative the jump is made back
>>> _slice = tuplex[9:2:-3]
>>> print(_slice)
('L', 'W', 'L')
>>>
Modify items of a tuple
>>> #create a tuple
>>> tuplex = ("w", 3, "r", [], False)
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', [], False)
>>> #tuples are immutable, so you can not modify items which are also immutable, as str, boolean, numbers etc.
>>> tuplex[3].append(200)
>>> print(tuplex)
('w', 3, 'r', [200], False)
>>>
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